• br Aromatase inhibitors The aromatase enzyme P

  2024-09-13

  

  Aromatase inhibitors The aromatase enzyme, P450arom, belongs to the super-family of P450 proteins which includes more than 480 members divided in 74 different families. P450arom is a unique member of family 19 [39], and is located in the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian BCA Protein Quantitation

• Autophagy and apoptosis have a very

  2024-09-13

  

  Autophagy and apoptosis have a very complex relationship, and the precise mechanism remains to be determined. At present, a large amount of research has confirmed that autophagy can protect the cell from apoptosis in special conditions such as nutrient deficiency or growth factors deprivation; the e

• br Implications for cancer ROS have a long

  2024-09-13

  

  Implications for cancer ROS have a long history of being involved in the development and progression of cancer and increased ROS level is considered as a hallmark of many tumors [76], [77]. Initially, it was thought that ROS would serve as chemical mutagens that would indiscriminately damage cell

• AP plays a pivotal role

  2024-09-13

  

  AP-1 plays a pivotal role in transcriptional regulation of MMP expression. The decoy technique allows the neutralization of AP-1 without any transfection reagents for cellular uptake that cause potential side effects or immune reactions. This energy-dependent transport mechanism of “naked” dODN is c

• Insulin is the central hormone involved

  2024-09-13

  

  Insulin is the central hormone involved in the control of glucose and lipid metabolism. Other nonmetabolic effects of insulin are intensively studied as well. Activation of insulin receptor not only promotes glucose uptake, protein synthesis, and inhibits lipid metabolism, but also is crucial for re

• LAP locations in the parasite tissues would provide

  2024-09-13

  

  LAP locations in the parasite tissues would provide clues for the potential physiological roles of it inside the parasite body. To date, tissue localization of LAPs has been carried out in many helminth parasites; however, information regarding LAPs in tapeworm is scarce. It was shown that LAPs were

• Secondly as pointed out by Sulentic and Kaminski in their

  2024-09-12

  

  Secondly, as pointed out by Sulentic and Kaminski in their recent paper [90], most of the AhR literature to date has focused on mouse AhR. Although both mouse and human AhR are interchangeable in many in vitro systems, the in vivo ligand binding affinity is drastically different between the two AhRs

• As also found by Stolarski et al inclusion of

  2024-09-12

  

  As also found by Stolarski et al. [14], inclusion of N2O in the model is successful in reducing the effect of dynamics [13] in the lower stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere (30–60°N in our case). The inclusion of N2O also decreased the error bars on the trend values, but the trend values still c

• br Author contributions br Competing interests

  2024-09-12

  

  Author contributions Competing interests Transparency document Acknowledgments This research was funded by a TOP ZonMW grant (40-00812-98-10054) to R.O.E., a DFG grant (KR4391/1-1) and IZKF Erlangen grant (J36) to A.K. and supported in part by Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de

• br Exocytosis of GLUT by

  2024-09-12

  

  Exocytosis of GLUT4 by autophagy Conclusion Conflict of interest Ethics statement Antigen processing and presentation Adaptive immune response has to be instructed to identify and eliminate specific pathogens or foreign entities defined by their antigenic determinants. Processed antig

• To identify the kinase s mediating

  2024-09-12

  

  To identify the kinase(s) mediating H3.3S31 phosphorylation, we devised a 96-well-plate-compatible immunostaining assay, with GW0742 specific for H3.3S31ph, and utilized it to screen both a Qiagen siRNA library covering 720 human kinases and a kinase inhibitor library (Selleck) containing 194 compou

• Echinocandin resistance is systematically associated with po

  2024-09-11

  

  Echinocandin resistance is systematically associated with point mutations in either FSK1 or FSK2 genes [7], [104]. These mutations are located in two different not spot regions of these genes named HS1 and HS2. Hot spot mutations have been reported in C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. krus

• br HIF Signaling in AA Therapy

  2024-09-11

  

  HIF-α Signaling in AA Therapy Resistance An important result emerging from Phase 3 clinical trials testing AA therapies is improvement of progression-free survival (PFS) that is not accompanied by enhanced overall survival (OS) [26]. This dichotomy has been attributed to mechanisms of acquired re

• br AR expression in breast

  2024-09-11

  

  AR expression in breast tissue Although androgenic signalling is chiefly associated with the development and maintenance of primary and secondary male characteristics, especially during puberty when the testes are by far the major source of testosterone, the AR also plays important functions in f

• glucose transport proteins Within the thrombus there is hete

  2024-09-11

  

  Within the thrombus, there is heterogeneity in the activation of glucose transport proteins based on the concentration gradients of soluble agonists emanating from the site of vascular injury, which has been excellently reviewed by Tomaiuolo et al.[1]. As part of the coagulation cascade, active thr

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