• The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal HPA axis is a neuroendocr

  2023-12-01

  

  The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system that is central to regulating responses to stress (Palazidou, 2012). In older persons, a high dysfunction of the HPA axis is observed (Otte et al., 2005) which may be enhanced by stimulatory effects of genes involved in the axi

• br Diabetes and obesity fit

  2023-12-01

  

  Diabetes and obesity: fit or fat; sugar or not: the autophagic verdict Type 2 diabetes and obesity are among the most emerging health problems worldwide. The factors that are responsible for the establishment of diabetes include decreased SAR131675 mg production, rise in adiposity, and an increa

• As shown in B the recombinant human

  2023-12-01

  

  As shown in B, the recombinant human 15-LOX-1 (30nM) showed a time-dependent increase in fluorescent signal, and signal development was almost completed within 20min in the presence of 50μM arachidonic euk 134 and 5μM DHR. For both purified enzyme and cell lysates, the enzyme activities disappeared

• As the effects of baclofen

  2023-12-01

  

  As the effects of baclofen on primary afferent activity are not reproduced by GABAA receptor agonists like muscimol and isoguvacine, this ionotropic receptor may play minimal role in the modulation of primary afferent activity. However, it is important to note that post-synaptic GABAA receptors rema

• br Experimental section br Acknowledgments br Introduction A

  2023-12-01

  

  Experimental section Acknowledgments Introduction Adipose is a major endocrine organ which releases a range of bioactive agents [1]. Selected adipose depots have been established as sites of sex steroid metabolism [1]. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose express high levels of aromatase, cap

• TAPI-1 Previously we have detected the expression of APJ rec

  2023-12-01

  

  Previously, we have detected the expression of APJ receptor on stomach projecting TAPI-1 in DMV, in addition, icv administration of apelin-13 induced a remarkable c-Fos activation in those cells which were previously marked by a retrograde neuronal tracer fast blue (Birsen et al., 2016). Moreover,

• On the other hand it is important to note that

  2023-11-30

  

  On the other hand, it is important to note that FR is different from the regulation of daily/circadian rhythms [44]. Based on models of physical systems [45], [46], it has been hypothesized that fractal physiological fluctuations reflect a network of elaborate regulatory processes interacting across

• Interaction between AhR and ligands

  2023-11-30

  

  Interaction between AhR and ligands leads to AhR transformation (Fig. 1), characterized by a rapid receptor nuclear translocation and the formation of AhR/Arnt complex and the release of the chaperone proteins. Following AhR transformation, the AhR/Arnt complex binds to its cognate DNA consensus seq

• The direction of glutamate transport by the cell

  2023-11-30

  

  The direction of glutamate transport by the cell membrane transporter is reversible. As mentioned above, glutamate transport is an electrogenic process associated with a transmembrane ion gradient established by the Na+-K+ pump through hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate. Under conditions of energy

• The extent to which GPCR oligomerization is a regulated

  2023-11-30

  

  The extent to which GPCR oligomerization is a regulated process still remains unclear. Reported effects of ligands on both GPCR homo- and heteromers are highly variable and depend on GPCR subtypes and the specific ligand used. According to our data, chronic treatment of mice with both paroxetine or

• br A Rs which were cloned and then pharmacologically identif

  2023-11-30

  

  A3Rs, which were cloned and then pharmacologically identified in the early 1990s, are expressed in multiple organs and peripheral tissues including ML133 HCl involved in inflammatory responses (Gessi et al., 2008, Borea et al., 2014). While low levels are expressed in the CNS, A3R agonists produce

• Since the cloning of ARs in

  2023-11-30

  

  Since the cloning of ARs in the beginning of the 1990s, the efforts to characterize them have led to the accumulation of a substantial amount of experimental data. Decades of site-directed mutagenesis (SDM; Box 1) studies, in combination with pharmacological data and computational modeling, have pav

• We have expressed the ECDs of the human

  2023-11-30

  

  We have expressed the ECDs of the human α1, β1, γ and ɛ AChR subunits in the past using the methylotropic yeast Pichia pastoris as soluble glycosylated proteins [15], [16]. Further work with the γ subunit ECD revealed a marked improvement of the solubility and yield following the mutation of hydroph

• br Introduction Nausea and vomiting are among the most distr

  2023-11-30

  

  Introduction Nausea and vomiting are among the most distressing side effects associated with chemotherapy in cancer patients (Billio et al., 2010). Severe emesis can negatively affect a patient's nutritional state, ability to work and motivation, which can, in turn, interfere with the clinical co

• Our previous work fails to show any maternal effect with

  2023-11-30

  

  Our previous work fails to show any maternal effect with blockade of 5-HT2A receptor, as acute and repeated treatment of MDL100907 does not alter maternal behavior at the behaviorally active doses (Chen et al., 2014). In the present study, MDL100907 pretreatment attenuated the maternal disruptive ef

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