• 82 7 In summary activated A AR exacerbated the

  2022-06-17

  

  In summary, activated A2AR exacerbated the reverse transport function of endothelial EAATs through a direct or indirect pathway depending on PKA and glutamate levels in response to OGD in vitro, but A2AR inhibition quickly restored the normal transport function. Moreover, the key mechanisms by which

• br Regulation of Glu transporters The

  2022-06-17

  

  Regulation of Glu transporters The pivotal role of Glu transporters in the fine tuning and turnover of this excitatory amino p2y inhibitor calls for a detailed characterization of its regulation. Several general mechanisms that modify Glu uptake activity have been described. These include transc

• Introduction Glucose is the most important energy carrier of

  2022-06-17

  

  Introduction Glucose is the most important energy carrier of the brain. Glucose transporter type 1 (Glut1) is located at the blood–brain barrier and assures the energy-independent, facilitative transport of glucose into the brain [1]. Twelve transmembrane segments of the protein and an intracellula

• Insulin de sensitization has been observed in the

  2022-06-17

  

  Insulin de-sensitization has been observed in the brains of people with AD [51], [52], [53] and we previously demonstrated that the GLP-1 analogue liraglutide was able to reverse this [54]. Importantly, aminopeptidase inhibitor insulin de-sensitization correlates well with cognitive decline [15], [

• The regulation of casein expression during lactation is

  2022-06-17

  

  The regulation of casein expression during lactation is a complex process involving a coordinated response at several levels. A variety of hormones are known to play roles in lactogenesis, such as prolactin (PRL), insulin, and hydrocortisone, and there is now increasing evidence that growth factors,

• The caseins are a family of milk phosphoproteins

  2022-06-17

  

  The caseins are a family of milk phosphoproteins whose biological function is to provide supersaturating concentrations of calcium, phosphates, and essential telomerase inhibitor to the neonate (Vonderhaar and Ziska, 1989). α- and β-caseins, the most abundant of the milk caseins, are described as c

• br Central control of GI ghrelin secretion

  2022-06-17

  

  Central control of GI ghrelin secretion The CNS communicates with the GI tract through the vagus nerve originating in the DMV and sympathetic spinal afferents emanating from the thoracic spinal chord (Bray, 2000). The cells that secrete peripheral ghrelin are under direct control of these two pat

• Lestaurtinib By association a possible mechanism

  2022-06-17

  

  By association, a possible mechanism which may underlie the progression of seizures is long-term potentiation (LTP). Indeed, LTP shares many common mechanisms with seizures activity both anatomically and physiologically, and has been implicated as a mechanism of acute epileptogenesis (Wasterlain et

• In recent years it was discovered in animals that certain

  2022-06-17

  

  In recent years, it was discovered in animals that certain types of non-apoptotic cell death are strictly dependent on iron and ROS. The term ‘ferroptosis’, derived from the Greek word ‘ptosis’ (falling) and the Latin word ‘ferrum’ (iron), is coined to describe such cell death phenomena. Cytoplasmic

• FBPase deficiency is a very

  2022-06-17

  

  FBPase deficiency is a very rare inborn error of fructose IOX 1 receptor of autosomal recessive inheritance. This disorder usually occurs in the first year of life through ketotic hypoglycemia and lactic acidosis triggered by catabolic episodes such as prolonged fasting or febrile infections (Stein

• In studies described earlier IRL was administered

  2022-06-16

  

  In studies described earlier, IRL-1620 was administered intravenously; however, because of its short half-life (Rubin and Levin, 1994) (about 7–8min), the dosing had to be repeated three times. Also, a dose-dependent hypotension was observed with repeated doses of IRL-1620 in rats (Leonard and Gulat

• Introduction The Antiretroviral Therapy ART in the last

  2022-06-16

  

  Introduction The Antiretroviral Therapy (ART), in the last decade, has been providing a better treatment for the Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV) infection, by reducing its viral load to undetectable levels and recovering the immune system. In fact, according to the last data from UNAIDS the mo

• The mast cell has long

  2022-06-16

  

  The mast cell has long been recognized as central to the mediation of allergic responses not least because it is the principal repository of histamine in the body. Following activation by allergens, the mast cell can release histamine as well as generate a host of additional mediators such as cystei

• br Histamine attenuates the cognitive impairing effects of e

  2022-06-16

  

  Histamine attenuates the cognitive impairing effects of early postnatal maternal deprivation Histamine acting on H2 receptors in the hippocampal CA1 region is able to reverse the deleterious effect of the exposure of rats to partial postnatal maternal deprivation on their memory consolidation of

• Several plant derived molecules such as resveratrol

  2022-06-16

  

  Several plant-derived molecules such as resveratrol, curcumin, zerumbone, and physalin B have been reported as modulators of Hh/Gli signaling pathway (Hosoya et al., 2008, Mohapatra et al., 2015). Our previous studies have demonstrated that a sesquiterpene lactone and diarylheptanoids from Siegesbec

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