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To apply the recently developed GPR ligands to CNS
2021-09-13

To apply the recently developed GPR35 ligands to CNS disorders, it is necessary to understand whether GPR35 is expressed by any identified cell types in the ODQ and whether activation or blockade of this receptor has any consequence on the activity of the neuronal circuitry. To this end, the presen
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Milligan et al demonstrated the important role of TNF IL
2021-09-13

Milligan et al. [31] demonstrated the important role of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β in the development of mechanical hyperalgesia induced by intrathecal injection of gp120. Because of this work, we decide to produce and purify gp120 to develop biological systems to study pain and behavior in rodents. Intr
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SCPNs and CPNs exhibit similar
2021-09-13

SCPNs and CPNs exhibit similar strength of electrical coupling (Maruoka et al., 2017) and had similar membrane properties (Experimental Procedures), and showed no significant difference in amplification and synchronization (Figs. 2E and 3C). However, a subset of CPNs exhibit very strong electrical c
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Glucocorticoid is a major regulator
2021-09-13

Glucocorticoid is a major regulator of body's response to stress (Armario, 2006). Repeated injections of the glucocorticoid corticosterone (CORT) in mice have been shown to produce an animal model of depression (Zhao et al., 2008). Further study of this phenomenon suggested that prolonged CORT expos
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Comparison of dlGALRs deduced amino acid sequences with that
2021-09-13

Comparison of dlGALRs deduced amino dopamine receptor antagonist sequences with that of human GALRs demonstrate that the GALR1 ortholog sequences have diverged less than those of GALR2. Since often duplicate genes undergo divergent evolution through sub-functionalization, loss or gain of new functio
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br Short Communication Lactococcus lactis is
2021-09-13

Short Communication Lactococcus lactis is traditionally used as a starter culture in the production of fermented dairy food products, such as cheese, sour cream, and buttermilk (Cavanagh et al., 2015). Two main pathways of lactose uptake and metabolism have been described for L. lactis. In the fi
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According to its major function as master regulator of BA
2021-09-13

According to its major function as master regulator of BA homeostasis, FXR has been shown to have a specific tissue distribution; it is expressed along the entire gastrointestinal tract with a peak in the liver and ileum, as well as in the kidney, and adrenal glands [30], [66], [135]. Low FXR expres
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The co crystal structure of GPR
2021-09-13

The co-crystal structure of GPR40 complexed with TAK-875 provided precise structural information for the rational design of novel GPR40 agonists. The key interactions between the carboxylate with the residues Arg183, Arg258, Tyr91 and Tyr240 of GPR40 were observed. And Trp174ECL2 was oriented nearly
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Recently we indicated that cell motility was regulated by th
2021-09-13

Recently, we indicated that cell motility was regulated by the different induction of GPR120 and GPR40 in liver epithelial WB-F344 dofetilide treated with chemical agents. The cell motility of WB-F344 cells was stimulated by phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) which is a potent
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br Materials and methods br Results
2021-09-13

Materials and methods Results To examine the apoptosis in FLS in vitro, we measured the number of bafilomycin a1 in early apoptosis (Annexin V+, 7-AAD−) and late apoptosis/necrosis (Annexin V+, 7-AAD+) using flow cytometry after incubation with or without stimulating Fas antibody. In the absen
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In the past two decades studies of
2021-09-13

In the past two decades, studies of the non-B cell-derived Ig, including cancer cell-derived IgG, have been predominately facilitated by general anti-human Ig antibodies, which do not distinguish the non-B Ig from classical Ig derived from B cells. Due to this caveat, it remains obscure about whethe
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br Introduction Lysine acetylation is an important post tran
2021-09-13

Introduction Lysine acetylation is an important post-translational modification that is found on numerous cellular proteins, including both histone and non-histone proteins [1], [2]. Dynamic acetylation and deacetylation is regulated by enzymes called histone acetyltransferases (HATs) as writers
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The repurposing of well characterized and well tolerated dru
2021-09-11

The repurposing of well-characterized and well-tolerated drugs in order to treat illnesses for which they were not originally intended has emerged as an attractive alternative to a long and costly process of drug development. Repositioning antihistaminergic ligands seems a promising idea given that
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br Author contributions br Declaration of conflict
2021-09-11

Author contributions Declaration of conflict of interest Acknowledgements We are grateful to the Director, National Institute of Immunology for his support. The work was partially supported by J.C. Bose Fellowship to SSM. We acknowledge the help from staff of Small Animal Facility of Nation
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Recent studies have also identified additional proteins that
2021-09-11

Recent studies have also identified additional proteins that could act as scaffolds and promote the interaction of core Hippo pathway components. APC, which is best known as a key component of the β-catenin destruction complex, was observed in mammalian IMR-1 sale to have an additional function as
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